Speaker use euphemisms in place of words that are viewed as disagreeable or offensive

Kelly really prided himself on his knowledge of British royal history. He had three main points in his informative speech, his first being the ancient lineage of Queen Elizabeth. By the time he got through his listing all of the ancestors of the queen, his audience looked bored from all these facts. What was Kelly's error in this situation?

A) not making his key ideas short and simple B) not reinforcing his key ideas nonverbally C) not reinforcing his key ideas verbally D) not building redundancy into the speech

Scholastic aptitude is an example of what class of things scientists can measure?

a. direct observables b. indirect observables c. constructs d. theory