Punishment has essentially the same effect on behavior as negative reinforcement

Marton has difficulties relating to the other students who live in his dormitory. He does not participate in the social events that the other students do together, opting instead to stay in his room playing video games for hours on end

The others who live on his hall often describe him as being odd or weird, and as a result they tend to pull away from him. Marton might be best diagnosed with __________. a. bipolar disorder b. autism c. Asperger syndrome d. somatization disorder

Ken wants to go to law school but he is concerned that he will be rejected if he applies or will fail if he is admitted. Ken is faced with what Lewin calls a(n) ______ conflict

a. approach/approach c. avoidance/avoidance b. approach/avoidance d. double approach/avoidance