Both the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test analyze differences between sums of ranks

Your friend Jane is trying to reduce her son Austin's aggressive tendencies. Of the alternatives below, which would you recommend to Jane?

A) Give him a doll to beat on when he's feeling mad. B) Get him involved in an aggressive sport like football. C) Respond quickly and send him to his room every time he aggresses. D) Explain to him that it is wrong to be overly aggressive. E) Have him run up and down the stairs to relieve his aggressive urges.

If someone cuts you off in traffic, you may assume them to be a bad driver without realizing they are rushing to the hospital with an emergency. This is an example of

a. the devil effect b. stereotyping c. the fundamental attribution error d. the false consensus effect