?_____ gradients are specified by their center and a color begins in the center and transitions in a circular direction to other colors.

Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

1. Modes of operation are the alternative techniques that have been developed to increase the security of symmetric block encryption for large sequences of data. 2. The advantage of a stream cipher is that you can reuse keys. 3. A message authentication code is a small block of data generated by a secret key and appended to a message. 4. Like the MAC, a hash function also takes a secret key as input. 5. The strength of a hash function against brute-force attacks depends solely on the length of the hash code produced by the algorithm.

A copy constructor has the same name as the class (let’s call it A) and has a parameter that

a) Is call-by value of an A object b) Is call-by-reference of another class c) Is call-by-reference of an A class object d) Is call-by-name of an object named ~A. e) None of these