Describe three types of substance use in adolescence, providing an example for each
What will be an ideal response
Answer: • Experimental: adolescent tries a substance once or twice out of curiosity, and then does not develop a pattern of use afterwards. Much adolescent substance use falls in this category. • Social: involves the use of substances during social activities, such as parties and dances, with one or more friends. • Medicinal or self-medication: involves substance use in order to relieve an unpleasant emotional state such as sadness, anxiety, stress or loneliness. Adolescents who self-medicate tend to use substances more frequently than those in the above two categories. • Note: Students will provide their own examples.
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The __________ fallacy is a phenomenon that causes people to believe that additional information increase the probability that a statement is true, even though that probability actually decreased
a. hindsight b. irrationality c. conjunction d. discursion
Suppose you study two mothers who have new babies but who have different attitudes about how to care for a crying baby. Ruthie believes that every time her baby cries, she should be picked up and comforted. Glenda believes that picking up a crying baby will reinforce the crying and the child will become harder to care for. Research on this topic suggests that whose child is likely to cry less at age 1 year?
a. Ruthie's baby will probably cry less, due to a stronger development of trust and attachment. b. Glenda's baby will probably cry less, due to a stronger development of reality and responsibility. c. Glenda's baby will probably cry less, because she will learn that crying does not lead to reward. d. Ruthie's and Glenda's babies will probably cry about the same amount, regardless of how their mothers attend to their crying.