In an experiment designed to investigate memory processes, one group of participants was given special instructions and asked to create mental pictures of each item on a list of items to be remembered. Another group of participants was given the same list but received no special instructions about how to remember the items. In this study, the experimental group is:

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the gender intensification hypothesis in adolescence?

A. During adolescence, girls can be highly pressured to behave in feminine ways without necessarily being punished or labeled deviant for exhibiting some masculine traits at the same time. B. During adolescence, boys can be highly pressured to behave in masculine ways without necessarily being punished or labeled deviant for exhibiting some feminine traits at the same time. C. Boys' gender-role socialization does not intensify during adolescence as much as it does for girls because boys' gender-role socialization is very intense from childhood. D. Girls may feel increasingly pressured to dress nicely and to wear makeup when they reach adolescence, but they are not pressured to give up athletics.

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, anger

a. causes people to hit someone. b. occurs at the same time a person hits someone. c. does not truly exist. d. might occur after we feel aroused because we hit someone. e. and happiness always occur simultaneously.