The Great Depression, in which real GDP fell and unemployment rose, can be characterized as a ________

To evaluate relative changes in the net public debt, we must

A) look at the absolute amount owed by the government. B) compare it to the nation's real GDP. C) look at the annual percentage change in the public debt. D) compare it to the debts of all developed countries.

Per-unit transaction costs:

a. may cause the demand and supply curves to shift either inward or outward depending on the value obtained from transaction agents. b. refer only to the commission paid to a third-party for each transaction made. c. are absorbed by the party seeking the transaction. d. have the same effect on behavior as do lump-sum transaction costs; the difference in terminology is purely definitional.