Nine in ten college students rate a condom as effective if it has a supposed "95% success rate" in stopping the HIV virus that causes AIDS; only four in ten think it is successful if it has a supposed "5% failure rate." This is an example of the importance of:

Some research has been conducted about how students revise their papers during the writing process. According to this research,

a. students are not highly accurate in identifying defective sentences in their papers.. b. the revision process takes about 30% of students' time spent on a paper. c. students can proofread their own papers more accurately than the papers of other students. d. students can proofread their own paper more accurately immediately after they have written it; accuracy drops after a delay of one day or more.

After the opera, your companion asks you about your response to the performance. According to Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, if you are like most people, you will

a. develop a mental chart listing the pros and cons of the performance. b. rely on heuristics to derive an opinion about the performance. c. ask your friend what he thought before you make a judgment. d. use a formal deductive reasoning procedure.