What is temperament and how is it assessed? What are some methodological concerns that
face temperament researchers?
What will be an ideal response?
Temperament concerns individual differences in reactivity and regulation that are due
to heredity, environmental circumstances, and maturation. Temperament can be
assessed using physiological assessments, such as vagal tone, or via parental or expert
rater reports. Perhaps one of the most interesting methodological issues pertains to
interrater reliability; mothers and expert raters typically show modest agreement
regarding ratings. This is probably due to the fact that temperament, to a large degree,
is in the eye of the beholder. What one person judges to be a sign of a difficult
temperament may not be viewed in the same way by another rater.
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The incident in which WWII Nazi physicians conducted experiments on prisoners of war is
considered unethical primarily because the A) the doctors were not affiliated with a research agency B) the prisoners were not paid for their participation C) the prisoners had no choice concerning whether they wanted to participate D) the doctors did not obtain IRB approval