Dr. Sefky says: "Sure, reinforcement and punishment are important, but how people interpret reinforcement and punishment is even more important.". Given this statement, Dr. Sefky's view is most likely to agree with

a. operant conditioning

Tony and Jeff, both Black adolescents, attend different schools. Tony attends a school where his ethnic group is in the majority and Jeff attends a predominately White school. What do studies predict about Tony and/or Jeff's self-perception?

A. Tony will have fewer self-image problems than Jeff. B. Tony will have more self-image problems than Jeff. C. Both Tony and Jeff will have high self-esteem. D. Both Tony and Jeff will have low self-esteem.

Loretta comes home from her day at high school terribly excited about the report card that she has received. She has earned all A's, and knows that her parents promised her $10 for every A that she receives

Which of the following processes is probably taking place in her brain in anticipation of this monetary reward? a) an increase in noradrenaline activity b) a decrease in acetylcholine activity c) an increase in dopamine activity d) a decrease in insulin activity