All of the following are disconfirming messages except

Your success in convincing or informing an audience will depend largely on _____, that is, how well you know your listeners and how well you have adapted to them

a. analysis b. motivation c. persuasion d. delivery

A bank robber walks into a bank, points a gun at the teller, and asks for money to be handed over in a plain brown bag. There are fifteen witnesses, but each person describes a different person when he or she is questioned by the police

This example illustrates that a. people perceive the same things differently and they assume that their perceptions are true reflections of reality. b. the bank robber was not actually seen by all fifteen people, otherwise they would have had similar descriptions. c. there was too much time elapsed between the time the people witnessed the bank robbery and the time the police arrived. d. the people who witnessed the bank robbery were not very observant, so the police have to find the witness who can give the correct description of the bank robber. e. None of the above.