Four-year-old Vashid sits on the edge of the sandbox and quietly watches the other children as they make sandcastles. Vashid is displaying

Rex is 3 months old. According to psychoanalyst Margaret Mahler, he views himself as

part of his mother. a small, helpless being. separate and distinct from his mother. part of a family.

Which best describes the effect of stereotype threat?

a. people perceive members of an outgroup as threatening b. people tend to think others get the treatment they deserve and hence "blame the victim" c. when flashed pictures of black faces, people are quicker to judge that an object flashed on the screen is a gun than when flashed pictures of white faces d. when people are primed to think of their gender, they perform more in keeping with the stereotypical performance of that gender than when not primed to think of gender