First enacted by ____________in 1890, the grandfather clause soon spread throughout southern and border states and typically required literacy tests for all voters whose ancestors had not been entitled to vote prior to 1866

A "free rider" is an individual who

A. shares in collective benefits and shares risk and cost. B. is part of an insurance policy. C. shares in the collective benefits without sharing the cost. D. is free to participate in the political process.

This question aligns with Chapters 2 and 3 of Writing a Research Paper in Political Science.Review the CQ Researcher article"Reviving Rural Economies." Which of the following is a school of thought that you could develop to answer the research question: "Recently, why have rural areas been able to wield more clout in American politics than their population size would suggest?"

A. Power to the (Older) People: Younger people have been fleeing rural areas leaving behind older people. Older citizens are more likely to vote, so politicians have a greater incentive to pay attention to them. B. Electoral College: The Electoral College overrepresents rural communities, and thus gives rural areas more power in American politics. (Note that the loser of the popular vote has won the election in two of the last five elections.) C. Greater Incumbency Advantages: Reelection rates for representatives and senators in rural areas have been higher, allowing those officials to wield more seniority and therefore power in Congress. D. Rural Cooperation: Federal rural lawmakers are better than their urban colleagues at cooperating to achieve mutually beneficial legislation, while those from cities often view each other as competitors for scarce dollars. E. all of these