A premature infant is found to be "bobbing" her head. This is important because it can be a sign of which of the following?
a. Hypoxemia
b. Renal failure
c. Intracranial hemorrhage
d. Respiratory distress
e. Septic shock
D
Head bobbing is a sign of respiratory distress in an infant. When in respiratory distress, the infant often uses the scalene and sternocleidomastoid accessory muscles of inspiration to assist in ventilation. When these muscles contract, the infant's head moves ("bobs") back and forth because the neck extensor muscles are not strong enough to stabilize the head.
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