What is California's "cap-and-trade" system and what is its purpose?
What will be an ideal response?
California's Air Resources Board was authorized by AB 32 to implement programs that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions in California. They implemented a cap-and-trade system for regulating GHG emissions that became operational in 2012. In this market-based approach, the state sets an upper limit, or cap, on the aggregate amount of statewide GHG emissions. Polluters were initially given trading credits for the amount of GHGs they normally produce. Every year, the total cap on statewide emissions declines by 2-3%, providing incentives for polluters to invest in more efficient technologies or to reduce their own emissions, thereby creating for themselves a surplus of carbon trading credits that they can sell at a quarterly online auction.
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Why is grassroots/outside lobbying an effective political tactic?
a. Grassroots lobbying shapes public opinion, and elected officials are known to respond to public opinion. b. Interest groups rarely engage in grassroots lobbying, so when they use this tactic, elected officials take notice. c. Grassroots lobbyists collect and bundle together campaign contributions from multiple individuals. This results in one large campaign contribution and thus maximizes the impact of each contributor. - d. Grassroots lobbying depends on building personal connections with elected officials, who are more likely to listen to groups that they know and like.
Define and give examples of enumerated powers, implied powers, reserved powers, concurrent powers, and prohibited powers.
What will be an ideal response?