A __________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic, biological need, such as hunger, thirst, or touch

Negative reinforcement involves

a. the learning of a new response. b. the removal of an aversive stimulus. c. decreasing the likelihood of certain future behaviors. d. providing an unpleasant stimulus periodically during the day. e. pairing an old reflex with a new stimulus.

Casey finds Dr. Madison's psychology lecture to be boring and uninteresting

Gradually, his muscles relax and drowsiness occurs. This drowsy but wakeful state is associated with brain waves. a. alpha b. beta c. theta d. delta