To determine success of a new product, sales figures before and after the campaign were compared to ascertain the campaign's impact. Which component of planning does the scenario describe?

When writing exams, __________________

a. the number of questions should be determined by how important the objective is. b. questions should be randomly ordered so test-takers cannot use other questions to aid in responses. c. there should be a variety of test items—multiple choice, matching, essay, etc. d. a pilot test should not be conducted so that test-takers cannot access the test before it is given.

The media literacy perspective is most oriented toward:

a. proactively dealing with potential risks of negative media effects b. assessing blame after negative effects occur c. a reactive perspective on media effects d. none of the above