Cross-sectional and longitudinal data (Colby et al., 1983; Colby & Kohlberg, 1987) show that stage 1 reasoning
a. ends at about age 18.
b. begins at about age 18.
c. persists into the early 30s.
d. peaks at age 14.
Answer: a. ends at about age 18.
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The research protocol of Stanley Milgram was recently repeated by psychologist Jerry Burger (2009), with one important adjustment. How did Burger change the procedure to reduced concerns about ethical violations in this research?
a) He reduced the maximum voltage on the "shock box" to 150 volts. b) He used animals instead of human beings as the "learners." c) He increased the amount of money that the participants were being paid. d) He removed the deception from the research and informed the participants ahead of time about the true nature of the study.
Your roommate sleeps quite a bit during the late afternoon. According to research (Brown et al., 2002), college students are more than twice as likely as other adults to report ____
a. taking naps b. delayed sleep phase syndrome c. insomnia d. serious night terrors