According to Pavlov, which of the following is essential for classical conditioning?
a. The learner must understand the relationship between the CS and UCS.
b. The CS and UCS must occur at almost the same time
c. The CS must physically resemble the UCS.
d. The UCS must occur before the CS.
b
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Biological research concerning the development of mood disorders suggests that:
a. acetylcholine and dopamine may be key neurotransmitters in depression. b. a long form of the gene 5-HTT may predispose a person to depression. c. depressed people have high levels of cortisol, which can affect the hippocampus and amygdala. d. part of the problem of depression is the underproduction of cortisol.
What is a major obstacle that the elderly continue to face with regard to working?
a) The elderly don't have the stamina in their jobs that they had when they were younger. b) The elderly don't always have reliable transportation or a car to drive to their jobs. c) The elderly continue to face age discrimination. d) The working elderly lose tax advantages if they continue to work.