In general, a fine on smoking cigarettes shifts the ________ curve of cigarettes ________

Which of the following are NOT true?

a. Credit cards are the same as debit cards when determining the money supply. b. Credit cards are included in M2 but not M1. c. Credit cards do not impact the demand for money. d. Credit cards are a means of payment. e. All of the above are true.

All these are motivations for tie-in-sales except,

a. Efficiency b. Assure quality c. Provide secret price discounts d. All the above