Which managerial theory assumed that workers lacked ambition and interest in work and therefore emphasized control, threat, and coercion to motivate employees?

In a red herring argument, speakers:

a. Try to get listeners to do what is popular. b. Try to introduce ideas listeners find repulsive. c. Try to deflect listeners from relevant issues. d. Try to get celebrity endorsements.

Cloaid Enterprises is about to celebrate its annual day. For this occasion, management has decided to hire a pop star to perform and has asked the employees to decide which pop star they want

The volunteer team has been meeting for over a week but has not reached a clear decision. Every team member has a different personal choice, and this has led to frequent conflicts and no solid results. Which role does the team leader need to assume in this scenario, and why? a) Maintenance role; so that the leader can help the team members see each other's points of view and bring some harmony in the tea b) Task role; so that the leader's new ideas can help the team reach a decision c) Self-centered role; so that the leader's choice of pop star can be conveyed to the team, which might help them reach a decision d) Focused role; so that the leader can clearly identify the root cause of the conflict and come up with an agreeable recommendation for the entire group