Which of the following clauses states that national law takes preeminence over state laws whenever such action is viewed as legitimate and within the scope of constitutional authority?

Which of the following was the original purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment?

A. to restore the southern states to the Union B. to achieve the full measure of citizenship for African Americans C. to punish those who fought for the Confederacy D. to bring former slaves into decision-making roles

Exams that assess whether teachers meet certain standards to become and remain certified are referred to as ______.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).