Outline and define the five levels of influence within social ecological models

The traditional definitions of the five levels of influence that were introduced in 1988 are:
1. Intrapersonal factors, which include characteristics of the individual, such as knowledge, attitudes, behavior, self-concept, and skills, as well as socio-demographic factors and previous life experiences.

2. Interpersonal processes and primary groups, which include formal and informal social networks and social support systems, including family, co-workers, and peer and friendship networks.

3. Institutional factors, which includesocial institutions with organizational characteristics and formal and informal rules and regulations for operation. Institutions include schools, places of employment, places of worship, and civic groups.

4. Community factors; communities are the groups (informal networks) to which individuals belong and the relationships among organizations and institutions.

5. Policy. Local, state, and national laws and policies that create built and social environments and systems related to the model's topic.

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