Potentially problematic variables that can lead to alternative explanations for the results of a study are called ___ variables.

Which of the following students provides the best overview of explanations for nonverbal gender comparisons?

a. Alicia: "Because the gender differences are so small and inconsistent, they can be explained in terms of minor differences in the way boys and girls are reinforced for their verbal behavior.". b. Zacchary: "The gender differences can be explained in terms of both the social learning explanation and the power explanation.". c. Sarita: "Recent research demonstrates that the power explanation is much more appropriate than the social learning explanation.". d. Tommy: "The major gender differences can be explained in terms of the fact that men are larger than women, so they take up more space.".

________ are the types of rewards a person expects to get from employment such as extrinsic rewards, intrinsic rewards, and job security

a. Opportunity structures b. Expectancy values c. Work values d. Stereotype threats