Consider the LIBRARY relational database schema of Figure 4.6. Choose the appropriate action (reject, cascade, set to null, set to default) for each referential integrity constraint, both for the deletion of a referenced tuple, and for the update of a primary key attribute value in a referenced tuple. Justify your choices.

What will be an ideal response?

Below are possible choices. In general, if it is not clear which action to choose, REJECT should be chosen, since it will not permit automatic changes to happen (by update propagation) that may be unintended.
BOOK_AUTHORS.(BookId) --> BOOK.(BookId)
CASCADE on both DELETE or UPDATE (since this corresponds to a multi-valued attribute of BOOK (see the solution to Exercise 6.27); hence, if a BOOK is deleted, or the value of its BookId is updated (changed), the deletion or change is automatically propagated to the referencing BOOK_AUTHORS tuples)
BOOK.(PublisherName) --> PUBLISHER.(Name)
REJECT on DELETE (we should not delete a PUBLISHER tuple which has existing BOOK tuples that reference the PUBLISHER)
CASCADE on UPDATE (if a PUBLISHER's Name is updated, the change should be propagated automatically to all referencing BOOK tuples)
BOOK_LOANS.(BookId) --> BOOK.(BookId)
CASCADE on both DELETE or UPDATE (if a BOOK is deleted, or the value of its BookId is updated (changed), the deletion or change is automatically propagated to the referencing
BOOK_LOANS tuples) (Note: One could also choose REJECT on DELETE)
BOOK_COPIES.(BookId) --> BOOK.(BookId)
CASCADE on both DELETE or UPDATE (if a BOOK is deleted, or the value of its BookId is updated (changed), the deletion or change is automatically propagated to the referencing
BOOK_COPIES tuples)
BOOK_LOANS.(CardNo) --> BORROWER.(CardNo)
CASCADE on both DELETE or UPDATE (if a BORROWER tuple is deleted, or the value of its CardNo is updated (changed), the deletion or change is automatically propagated to the referencing BOOK_LOANS tuples) (Note: One could also choose REJECT on DELETE, with the idea that if a BORROWER is deleted, it is necessary first to make a printout of all
BOOK_LOANS outstanding before deleting the BORROWER; in this case, the tuples in
BOOK_LOANS that reference the BORROWER being deleted would first be explicitly deleted after making the printout, and before the BORROWER is deleted)
BOOK_COPIES.(BranchId) --> LIBRARY_BRANCH.(BranchId)
CASCADE on both DELETE or UPDATE (if a LIBRARY_BRANCH is deleted, or the value of its BranchId is updated (changed), the deletion or change is automatically propagated to the referencing BOOK_COPIES tuples) (Note: One could also choose REJECT on DELETE)
BOOK_LOANS.(BranchId) --> LIBRARY_BRANCH.(BranchId)
CASCADE on both DELETE or UPDATE (if a LIBRARY_BRANCH is deleted, or the value of its BranchId is updated (changed), the deletion or change is automatically propagated to the referencing BOOK_LOANS tuples) (Note: One could also choose REJECT on DELETE)