Activation of the receptors by stimuli is called

Priscilla, the very cute dog, has learned to jump the fence that encloses her human's garden. She has been doing it more and more often. She finds the fenced yard aversive, and when she escapes, she enjoys her freedom to explore the neighborhood, greet other dogs and chase squirrels. Evidently, Priscilla has learned to escape from her fenced yard through ______________.

a. punishment b. acquisition c. reinforcement d. observational learning

The degrees of freedom for the chi-square test for independence is

A) the number of categories minus one. B) the number of columns minus one multiplied by the number of rows minus one. C) the total number of category levels minus one. D) the number of people minus the number of cells.