Which of the following is NOT a method of describing data that reduces the role of outliers on the measurement of a data set's variability?

In most cases, why would an episiotomy be performed?

a. because the baby needs to be born faster, due to complications b. because the baby's Apgar score is very low c. because the mother is unable to deliver the baby without pain killing medication d. because the baby's head is so large that the vaginal opening might tear

According to the article Deep Roots about fetal precursors of temperament, DiPietro et al. operationally defined temperament as:

(a) questionnaire responses from the mothers (b) actocardiograph readings (c) the number of times the infant turned toward its mother (d) the strength of the infant's social relationships