When one private party contests another and the lawsuit or action is brought before a judge in a court of law, the process is referred to collectively as

Which of the following acts was used by the U.S. Department of Justice to block voter photo-identification rules in Texas and South Carolina?

A. the Help America Vote Act B. the Federal Election Campaign Act C. the Motor Voter Act D. the Universal Right to Vote by Mail Act E. the Voting Rights Act

In response to the Hopwood ruling and potential declines in minority students in Texas universities, the state legislature __________

a. required all state universities to make sure that at least 10 percent of their admitted students each year were from underrepresented groups b. threatened to withhold state funding to any university that did not develop targeted recruitment and retention plans c. required the top 10 percent of graduates from each high school to be admitted to a state university d. decided to privatize state universities and provide direct financial assistance to minority students to attend