To reduce transaction costs and encourage political cooperation, the Framers decided that the President and Congress should not be elected separately.

A manipulation check is

A) necessary at the naturalistic level of research. B) not needed at the experimental level. C) often too difficult to carry out. D) appropriate only at the experimental level.

Critics of the responsible party model claim that __________

a. it has contributed to the vilification of the word compromise b. it causes unneeded tension between Democrats and Republicans c. it is unwise because it is not subject to constitutional constraints d. it is too simple for the complexity and diversity of American society