We can see a candle flame at 30 miles on a clear, dark night, and we can hear the tick of a watch 20 feet away in a quiet room. These two facts are examples of __________.

How can spontaneous recovery be overcome in order to extinguish a behavior?

a. One must use partial reinforcement in order to wean the subject away from the behavior gradually. b. One must respond to an extinction burst with the reward in order to minimize frustration. c. One must be persistent in not rewarding the behavior that is to be extinguished. d. One must refrain from rewarding any behaviors during the extinction process.

What effect occurs when the performance of people of different ages varies because they grew up in different generations?

a. gender effect b. time of measurement effect c. age effect d. cohort effect