The piecemeal process through which the Supreme Court has applied the protections included in the Bill of Rights to the states can best be described as ______.

The life cycle effect is the

A) process by which people acquire political beliefs and attitudes. B) phenomenon of certain attitudes occurring at certain chronological ages. C) value assigned to a person because of occupation or income. D) principle that gender affects political party identification. E) long-lasting effect of a particular political event on attitudes.

A xitong refers to ________

A. a system by which government officials are accountable to the party leaders who hire and promote them B. a cluster of related bureaucracies that are lumped together in pursuit of a specific set of policy goals C. a system of social accounting whereby extended families undertake the responsibility of preparing its members to serve society and state as a whole D. a means of population control through residency permits that originated during the Mao era E. a government division in charge of the industrialization of rural areas in China