Averee just finished her sociology exam in which she was given 50 questions. Her professor also supplied 50 responses; all Averee had to do was pick the right answer from a field of four options. Averee's sociology professor tested her _____

When research participants are involved in laboratory observation, they often know that they are being observed. Why is this a potential problem for the results of the study?

a. It is impossible to be able to draw cause and effect conclusions about participants who know they are being observed. In order to draw cause and effect conclusions, the observation must take place in a naturalistic setting. b. People may behave differently when they know they are being watched, and thus the results in the laboratory may be artificial c. Participants' awareness of the fact that they are being observed is not, in fact, a problem for laboratory observation. It is a problem for naturalistic observation. d. If people know they are being watched, they will make sure to do exactly what they think the experimenter wants. This is called demand bias.

Your textbook presents three different types of descriptive statistics. Which of the following is, in fact, an example of an inferential statistic?

a. Measures of normal and skewed distributions b. Measures of central tendency c. Measures of variability d. Frequency distributions