Children with a high level of _____ orientation are intrinsically motivated and tend to thrive on challenges, believing that their efforts will eventually pay off

False smiles last 10 seconds or more, whereas authentic smiles last only about 2 seconds

Indicate whether this statement is true or false.

Which of the following factors tends to be related to decreased adolescent self-esteem?

A) Setting high vocational standards B) Being close to one's parents C) Entering middle school D) all of the above