A classmate just returned from an educational trip to study the Japanese culture. During her visit she was surprised that fathers would not be present during the birth. Who was more likely to assist the mother through labor and delivery?

a. The father
b. The oldest daughter
c. Older women
d. Nurses

C. In traditional cultures, older women generally assist the mother during the birthing process. Having the knowledge and experience of the birthing process, older women would most likely assist.