Explain why information flow in a hierarchical bureaucracy may be distorted.
What will be an ideal response?
Distortion may occur through random error or from selective distortion, as when officials at each stage of message transmission attempt to transmit only the information that they believe their superiors wish to hear or that they think will make them look good to their superiors. In turn, superiors may attempt to estimate the distortion of their subordinates and try to correct for it.
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Which of the following countries is not considered an Asian Tiger?
a. South Korea b. Singapore c. Taiwan d. Hong Kong e. Philippines
Social cohesion has been made difficult in developing states because
a. of the fact that colonial borders ignored the location of local ethnic groups. b. they received their independence late, when class wars had become rampant. c. precolonial kings have returned to foment rebellions, some successfully. d. colonial rulers had enforced equality, leaving no local elite rulers upon independence. e. no precolonial history existed of economically viable, large-scale, complex societies.