Which policy would be followed by a protectionist state?

The year 2005 marked an important step in the relationship between France and the European Union because

a. French voters rejected a treaty to establish a constitution for the European Union. b. France adopted the common currency, the Euro. c. French citizens voted to withdraw from the European Union. d. it was the first time that a French citizen became the president of the European Union. e. France announced it would no longer accept the rulings of the European Court of Justice.

Which type of validity involves two measures which theoretically are expected not to be related and thus the correlation between them is expected to be low or weak?

a. Face b. Content c. Construct d. Discriminant