List and describe in detail the three parenting styles described by Baumrind
What will be an ideal response?
The three parenting styles are: authoritarian, which is characterized by lack of
warmth; strict, rigid rules; high expectations of child maturity; no input from the child;
and strict, often physical discipline. Authoritative parents are warm and nurturing,
believe in the use of reinforcement over punishment, understand that children are
not cognitively as mature as adults, and support feedback and communication
between the parent and child. Permissive parents are also very warm and loving,
tend to use induction (discussion) as a form of discipline, and expect a higher level
of maturity from their children than they are capable of.
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According to Bowlby, anyone who regularly cares for an infant will come to be recognized as a ________, a safe place from which to explore and return for physical and emotional comfort
a. source of contact comfort b. source of oral gratification c. positive reinforcer d. secure base
The notion of self-reinforcement is important in the accounts of personality development provided by
a. traditional behaviorists. b. neo-Freudians. c. humanistic theorists. d. social learning theorists.