Ashlynn was listening to a recording of a famous speech that was being played backward. She just heard gibberish until a classmate said the phrase, "Meet me in St. Louis," was clearly spoken. The tape was rewound and as Ashlynn listened this time, she also clearly heard the same phrase. Ashlynn's ability to detect the phrase the second time through the tape illustrates

a. the opponent-process model of perception.
b. the top-down processing model of perception.
c. the bottom-up processing model of perception.
d. the eclectic model of perception.

B