A country must have a positive net outflow of capital if it has a trade deficit

Tobin's q is the ratio of the

A) dividend payments of a firm to the current stock price of the firm. B) market value of a firm to the replacement cost of its capital. C) current stock price of a firm to the number of outstanding shares of stock in the firm. D) current stock price of a firm to the total earnings of the firm.

If a manufacturer shuts down in the short run, it must be true that before the shutdown, at all positive output levels,

a. average total cost was less than average variable cost b. fixed cost was greater than total revenue c. variable cost was greater than total revenue d. profit was zero e. total cost plus total revenue was less than profit