Professor Murphy tested a 6-year-old child, Madeline, on three conservation problems: conservation of volume, conservation of mass, and conservation of number
Madeline displayed stage 2 reasoning on the volume and mass problems, but stage 3 reasoning on the number problem. Madeline's performance violated which of the following assumptions of the stage concept?
a. abruptness assumption
b. concurrence assumption
c. the assumption of coherent organization
d. the assumption of qualitative change
B
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Perhaps the biggest limitation associated with the use of punishment is that ________.
a. behaviorists have not been able to identify consequences that are generally punishing b. it is almost always administered incorrectly c. alternatives to punishment are seldom available d. punishing only the specific behavior does not appear to reduce the frequency of that behavior
What age range is classified as middle adulthood?
a) 30 to 50 b) 30 to 60 c) 40 to 65 d) 50 to 70