What is the term for art that has been created using a gouge to make high-relief areas for the image?

Who of the following would be considered a precursor to the modern director?

A. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe B. Georg II, The Duke of Saxe-Meiningen C. André Antoine in France D. all of the above

Which of these statements is NOT true concerning shomyo?

a. they are Buddhist chants b. they are the source of Japanese modal theory c. the modes they produced were transferred to court music d. they are responsible for the exact tuning systems found in Japan