According to Freud, fixation at a particular stage can occur in two ways: when a child gains excess gratification during that stage or when a child becomes excessively frustrated during that stage

Operant conditioning assumes that

a. events that follow behavior affect whether the behavior is repeated in the future. b. one's mental processes (e.g., memory and perception) mediate what behaviors one does in a situation. c. voluntary behaviors are reflexive. d. one learns by watching others' behavior.

Which of the following is NOT a safer sex practice?

a. having sex only with individuals that appear to be safe b. restrict your sexual activity to a mutually faithful long-term relationship c. always use condoms d. abstain from sex until marriage