The Bay of Pigs and Bush's response to 9/11 are both examples of __________ because at the time of the actions the decisionmaking structures and the people involved in them were subject to drastic changes in membership and modes of operation

In the sense of the definition of social movements as "the instruments of outsiders," how did women's rights, civil rights, religious fundamentalist, and pro-immigration activists make the political climate more democratic?

a. by encouraging participation b. by overcoming political inequality c. by creating new majorities d. by overcoming constitutional limitations on change

The alternative strategy for development that emerged with the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1917 and spread after World War II to eastern Europe, China, and Cuba was called

a. state socialism. b. import substitution. c. free market protectionism. d. export-led growth.