In the long-run, what happens to the aggregate price level when the Federal Reserve decreases the money supply?

Suppose that the banking system currency has no excess reserves and that a bank receives a deposit into a checking account of $10,000 in currency

If the required reserve ratio is 0.20, what is the maximum amount that the BANKING SYSTEM can lend out? A) $8,000 B) $10,000 C) $40,000 D) $50,000

Crowding out refers to the fall in

a. investment spending caused by higher taxes b. consumption spending caused by higher taxes c. consumption spending caused by higher levels of government spending d. government spending to do a balanced budget amendment e. private investment caused by an increase in government spending