Consider the research regarding the relationships people have with large groups or organizations (e.g., people's ties with their universities or workplaces). Can such relationships "stand in" for interpersonal relationships, such that people with these types of relationships (but no interpersonal relationships) are not necessarily lonely?
a. No, these relationships cannot "stand in" for interpersonal relationships.
b. Yes, although this tends to be true only for men.
c. Yes, although this tends to be true only for older people.
d. Yes, although this tends to be true only within individualistic cultures.
B
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Imagine that a friend asks you what you have heard about St. John's wort because he is considering using it to alleviate his depression. Which of the following is probably the safest conclusion you can draw?
a. Many people who have reported improvements with St. John's wort, but the effects are typically mild and improvements may depend on the quality of the brand. b. St. John's wort is superior to prescription antidepressant medications. c. Your friend may as well take a placebo: Scientific evidence does not support the conclusion that St. John's wort reduces symptoms of depression. d. St. John's wort is superior to cognitive-behavioral therapies.
Any stimulus, such as a bell that requires learning to elicit a conditioned response is called a(n) __________
a) conditioned stimulus. b) conditioned reflex. c) unconditioned stimulus. d) neutral stimulus.