Which president issued the Emancipation Proclamation?

In 2010, chairman of the Federal ReserveBen Bernanke placed the responsibility for the 2008 financial collapse in the United States on which of the following?

a. the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks b. the election of Barack Obama c. deregulation of the financial industry d. the balance-of-trade deficit

Independent expenditures are

a. illegal in presidential campaigns. b. illegal in congressional campaigns. c. loopholes in the campaign finance law. d. no longer necessary because of large private donations. e. were eliminated with the Twenty-second amendment.