Nancy's utility of wealth curve is given in the above figure. She is faced with a risky proposition which yields an income of $50 one-third of the time, $100 one-third of the time, and $150 one-third of the time. Her expected utility is

The substitution effect of an increase in the price of Raisin Bran refers to

A) the decrease in the demand for Raisin Bran when its price rises. B) the result that consumers will now switch to a substitute good such as Cheerios, and the demand curve for Raisin Bran shifts to the left. C) the fact that the higher price of Raisin Bran relative to its substitutes, such as Cheerios, causes consumers to buy less Raisin Bran. D) the fact that the higher price of Raisin Bran lowers consumer's purchasing power, holding money income constant.

A key element of real business cycle theory is that

a. labor supply is not responsive to changes in real wages. b. labor supply is highly elastic. c. as the wage increases, workers are richer and work less. d. none of the above.