Which Supreme Court decision ruled that the gratuitousness of injuries, and not their severity, was the determining factor in constitutional violations?

Color blindness and color afterimages are best explained by what theory of color vision?

A) trichromatic theory B) visible hue theory C) Opponent-process theory D) dichromatic theory E) binocular disparity theory

Near the end of the 18th century, Emil Kraepelin created a classification system for psychological difficulties that was based on the idea that

a. behaviors are less important than thoughts. b. thoughts are less important than behaviors. c. psychological problems are rooted in physical causes d. childhood experiences are the root cause of psychological problems.