One of the greatest differences between writing an essay and giving a speech is that the listener, unlike the reader, cannot turn to a dictionary or reread an author's words to discover their meaning. How does this complicate the task of a public speaker? Explain three specific steps a speaker can take to make his or her meaning clear despite these complications.

What will be an ideal response?

Discussion: These three steps need not be limited to material dealt with in Chapter 12. Students might focus their answers on such matters as using familiar words, eliminating clutter, and the like, but they might also mention such matters as using clear patterns of organization, providing connectives between ideas, etc.