The process of reasoning from the end of a strategic situation to the beginning, in order to determine an optimal course of action is referred to as a ______.

The __________ power of the president can be traced directly to the royal authority of the King of England and is probably the most delicate power a president exercises

Answer:

While machine politics and patronage are generally reviled, they did have some positive effects, primarily,

A) contributing to the public image of the bureaucracy. B) providing bureaucrats with job security. C) placing value on education, training, and experience. D) helping immigrants adjust to urban life in America. E) ensuring equal representation for all political parties.